How is Bee Sting Allergy Caused? Check Symptoms, Treatment ... - Krishi Jagran

Approximately 5-7.5% of people will have a severe allergic reaction to an insect sting at some point in their lives.

Most of the time, bee stings are only uncomfortable, and home remedies are enough to reduce the discomfort. However, if you are allergic to bee stings or if you are bitten repeatedly, you might experience a more severe response that needs emergency care.

There are various precautions you can take to prevent bee stings, as well as hornet and wasp stings, and learn how to cure them if you are stung.

How Prevalent Are Allergies Because of Bee Stings?

Approximately 5-7.5% of people will have a severe allergic reaction to an insect sting at some point in their lives. It increases to 32% for beekeepers. A mild to severe irritating reaction, seen as regional redness and swelling, is common in persons who respond to insect stings. A tiny percentage of persons can experience an allergic reaction that is significantly more severe and need immediate medical attention. Deathly responses are uncommon. The most severe allergic responses are frequently brought on by the venom of honeybees, paper wasps, and yellow jackets.

Systemic allergic responses are most frequently brought on by bees, wasps, and fire ants and affect the entire body, including the skin and respiratory system.

What Causes an Allergic Reaction?

A bee's sharp, barbed stinger remains embedded in the victim's skin after a sting. After the bee stings, this stinger can continue to emit venom for up to a minute.

Even if a person is not allergic to the venom, bee venom contains proteins that damage the immune system and skin cells, causing pain and swelling at the location of the string.

The venom causes a more severe immune system reaction in people who are allergic to bee stings. These people might not react allergically to bee stings the first time they are stung, but they might after receiving a second sting.

A bee sting will trigger the immune system to create immunoglobulin E (IgE) if a person has allergies. IgE typically guards the body against harmful elements like viruses and parasites.

However, the body creates IgE in response to a sting, which leads to improper immune reactions like hives, swelling, and respiratory issues the following time a person is stung.

Symptoms of Bee Sting Allergy:

Bee stings can cause a variety of responses, from minor pain and discomfort to life-threatening allergic reactions. If you have one kind of reaction, it doesn't always follow that you'll experience another similar one or that it will be more severe the next time you are stung.

Mild Response

Bee sting symptoms can range from mild to moderate and include:

• Burning agony starts right away at the sting location.

• a bright crimson welt at the sting

• little edema surrounding the sting site

The discomfort and swelling often subside within a few hours in most people.

Moderate Response

Some people experience a little more severe reaction after being stung by a bee or another bug, displaying symptoms like:

Moderate responses often go away in five to ten days. A mild reaction does not guarantee that you will experience a severe allergic reaction the following time you are stung. However, some individuals experience recurring mild sting responses. If this occurs to you, see a medical professional for advice on treatment and prevention, especially if the response gets worse each time.

Severe Allergic Response

Anaphylaxis, a severe allergic reaction to bee stings, needs immediate medical attention since it has the potential to be fatal. Only a small portion of those who are stung by a bee or other bug have anaphylaxis right away. Anaphylaxis symptoms and signs include:

• Hives, itching, and flushed or pale skin are just a few examples of skin responses.

• Having trouble breathing

• The throat and tongue swelling

• Weak, erratic heartbeat

• Diarrhea, vomiting, or nauseous

• Fainting or vertigo

• Consciousness loss

A 25% to 65% incidence of anaphylaxis exists for those who have experienced a severe allergic response to a bee sting. To prevent a similar response if you get stung again, discuss immunotherapy (allergy injections) with your doctor or an allergy expert.

Home remedies for bee stings in first aid

A bee sting requires the removal of the stinger and care of associated symptoms. Treatment methods comprise:

• Extracting the stinger with tweezers or a credit card while being careful not to squeeze the venom sac connected

• Using soap and water to wash the area

• Ice is used to reduce pain and swelling.

• Using lotions that help lessen redness and itching, such as hydrocortisone

• Using antihistamine for any itchiness and swelling

Medical Attention Required for Bee Sting Allergy Response

If you require hospitalization due to a bee sting allergy, a medical practitioner will keep track of your vital signs, such as:

To treat the allergic response, you will be given medication like epinephrine or adrenaline. Other immediate remedies for an allergy to bee stings include:

• Oxygen to help you breathe

• Antihistamines and corticosteroids to control inflammation

• Beta antagonists to ease breathing problems

• CPR if your heart stops beating or you stop breathing.

First published on: 27 Dec 2022, 16:11 IST